In April 1903, 49 Jews were killed, 600 raped or wounded, and more than 1,000 Jewish-owned houses and stores were ransacked and destroyed during three days of violence in Kishinev. Recounted in lurid detail by newspapers throughout the Western world and covered sensationally by America’s Hearst press, the pre-Easter attacks seized the imagination of an international public, quickly becoming the prototype of what would become known as a “pogrom.” It provided the impetus for efforts as varied as “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion,” the formation of the NAACP, and the Hagannah, the precursor of the Israeli army. Steven J. Zipperstein, Daniel E. Koshland Professor in Jewish Culture and History at Stanford University, drew for the study on archives in Moldova, Russia, Israel, Ireland, and elsewhere.